TRS ACCESS Network · Massachusetts General Hospital · Harvard Medical School

Expert support for treatment-resistant schizophrenia care

We help clinicians and health systems deliver timely, safe, evidence-based treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS)—through consultation, education, and hands-on implementation support, so people get the right care from their own providers.

About TRS ACCESS Network

Building a network for accessible evidence-based TRS treatment

Clozapine is the only FDA-approved medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), yet it is significantly underused. In the post-REMS era, with simplified monitoring requirements and updated clinical guidelines, there are fewer barriers to clozapine access than ever before.

TRS ACCESSAdvocacy, Clinical Consultation, Education, and Support Service—is building a network of clinicians and clinics ready to deliver timely, evidence-based TRS care. We help health systems and providers expand safe, effective use of clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics, improving outcomes for people with TRS.

Massachusetts General Hospital building

The TRS ACCESS Network is supported by the generous philanthropy of the CNR Foundation.

30%
OF PEOPLE WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA HAVE TREATMENT-RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA
5%
OF PEOPLE WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA CURRENTLY RECEIVE CLOZAPINE TREATMENT

What Does TRS ACCESS Stand For?

Abigail Donovan, MD explains our mission

Learn about the comprehensive approach behind TRS ACCESS and how we're helping clinicians become capable of prescribing clozapine and long-acting injectables safely and effectively for people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Nauset Light lighthouse at golden hour, Cape Cod
A lighthouse is a beacon of hope in a sea of uncertainty.

Our Mission

Clozapine is proven to be the most effective treatment for TRS, but many people never receive it. The TRS ACCESS Network exists to close this gap by supporting earlier, safer, and more consistent use of clozapine and other best-practice interventions.

What We Do

We partner with clinicians, clinics, and health systems to:

  • Support implementation of clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics
  • Educate providers and care teams on evidence-based TRS treatment
  • Consult on clinical care for people with TRS

Our Approach

  • We combine advocacy, consultation, education, and hands-on support to remove barriers to effective TRS care—prioritizing safety, adherence to best practices, and solutions tailored to local needs.
  • We are building a collaborative network of expertise that connects specialists with local providers to ensure best practices reach every person who needs them.

Our Impact

  • Timely access to effective treatments improves outcomes—relapses decrease, lives stabilize, and recovery becomes more achievable.
  • Early identification and proactive management of side effects help protect long-term physical and psychiatric health.
  • By treating the whole person—not just symptoms—we support lasting wellness and a better quality of life.

Provider & System Benefits

  • Education and support empower clinicians to deliver the highest-quality, evidence-based TRS care—treatment that can transform lives.
  • High-quality TRS treatment reduces Emergency Department visits and hospitalizations, resulting in more effective care at a lower overall cost to the health system.

Why Outcomes Matter?

Abigail Donovan, MD explains the importance improving health outcomes

Understanding the critical importance of measuring and improving outcomes for people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, and how evidence-based approaches can transform lives and healthcare delivery. Our focus on outcome-based care ensures that every intervention we support leads to measurable improvements in well-being and recovery.

Our Team

Expert clinicians dedicated to TRS ACCESS services

Oliver Freudenreich

Oliver Freudenreich, MD

Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School

Co-director, MGH Psychosis Clinical and Research Program

Oliver Freudenreich directs the TRS ACCESS program and leads our consultation service, providing expert guidance to clinicians managing complex cases and supporting clinicians to become capable of prescribing clozapine safely and effectively.

View publications
Abigail Donovan

Abigail Donovan, MD

Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School

Director of Clinical Services, MGH Psychosis Clinical and Research Program

Abigail Donovan specializes in the early detection and treatment of schizophrenia in adolescents and adults, with a focus on outcome-based care and quality improvement initiatives.

View publications
Carol Lim

Carol Lim, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School

Medical Director, MGH Clozapine Clinic

Carol Lim serves as the medical director of our Clozapine Clinic and leads educational initiatives to help other healthcare systems establish safe and effective clozapine monitoring programs.

View publications
Sarah Maclaurin

Sarah Maclaurin, PMHNP-BC

Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner & LAI Specialist

Sarah Maclaurin provides expert clinical care and specializes in long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications, offering consultation and training to healthcare providers.

Cheryl Foo

Cheryl Foo, PhD

Assistant Professor of Psychology, Harvard Medical School

Clinical Psychologist & Implementation Specialist

Cheryl Foo leads implementation efforts to help clinicians and healthcare systems become capable of prescribing clozapine and long-acting injectables safely and effectively.

View publications
Marta Hernandez

Marta Hernandez

Program Coordinator

Marta Hernandez coordinates program activities and provides administrative support to ensure seamless patient care and program operations.

Leah Namey

Leah Namey, MPH

Program Manager

Leah Namey manages program operations and oversees quality improvement initiatives within the TRS ACCESS program.

Our Services

Comprehensive support for evidence-based TRS care

Clinical

Direct clinical services and case consultation

Clinical Consultation

Expert consultation for clinicians managing complex cases of difficult to treat psychosis, providing guidance on diagnosis, treatment planning, and clozapine initiation and management.

Oliver Freudenreich, MD on consultation services

Request a clinical consult

MGH Psychosis Clinical Services

The TRS ACCESS Network is part of the MGH Psychosis Clinical and Research Program (PCRP), which provides comprehensive clinical care for patients with psychotic disorders.

Go to the MGH PCRP website

Implementation Support and Technical Assistance

Helping clinics and health systems build the capacity to deliver safe, effective TRS care

Development of Clozapine-Capable Clinics

We specialize in optimizing clozapine treatment, navigating today's regulatory landscape to ensure safe, effective prescribing. Our support includes protocol development, staff training, and education to uphold best practices in clozapine management.

Carol Lim, MD on clozapine clinic services

Ask about technical assistance

Development of Long-Acting Injectable Clinical Services

Training and consultation on long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications, helping clinicians optimize medication adherence and improve treatment outcomes.

Sarah Maclaurin, PMHNP-BC on LAI expertise

Ask about technical assistance

Program Implementation

Implementation support to help healthcare systems and clinicians become capable of prescribing clozapine and long-acting injectable safely and effectively, including staff training, workflow development, and ongoing support.

Cheryl Foo, PhD on program implementation

Ask about technical assistance

Teaching & Talks

Invite our faculty to speak with your team

Our faculty are available to deliver Grand Rounds, lectures, case conferences, and educational presentations on schizophrenia, clozapine, long-acting injectables, and related topics. We welcome invitations from academic medical centers, hospitals, community clinics, residency and fellowship programs, and professional organizations.

Request a talk

Please contact us with the proposed date, audience, format, and topic you have in mind.

Resources

Educational materials and publications from our faculty

Featured Document

MGH PCRP Clozapine Care Framework (Post-REMS Era, 2026)

PDF document

Evidence-based clinical guidance from the MGH Psychosis Clinical and Research Program.

View / Download PDF

Selected Publications

Clozapine Monitoring: Form Follows Function

Donovan AL, Foo CY, Lim C, MacLaurin SA, Freudenreich O. Psychiatric Services. 2026;77(5):470–473.

Argues that the end of the clozapine REMS program is an opportunity to redesign monitoring so that medical follow-up tracks a clinical treatment framework with three phases: clozapine trial, treatment optimization, and treatment consolidation.

View Article

Implementing Point-of-Care Fingerstick Testing for Clozapine Safety Monitoring in Outpatient Psychiatry: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study

Foo CYS, Lim C, Leonard CJ, MacLaurin SA, Cather C, Donovan AL, Freudenreich O. Community Mental Health Journal. 2026.

A mixed-methods study of real-world adoption of a point-of-care fingerstick device for neutrophil monitoring at two outpatient clinics, finding that successful implementation depends on addressing patient preferences, staffing logistics, and sustainable financing.

View Article

Clozapine for Optimal Schizophrenia Care: A Mission-Critical Medication

Lim C, Freudenreich O. Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research. 2025;28(2):29–38.

A conceptual review arguing for early and routine use of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia within a stage-based treatment framework, reviewing its broad-spectrum advantages and outlining strategies for safe use and for overcoming barriers to utilization.

View Article

Books by Our Faculty

Psychotic Disorders: A Practical Guide

by Oliver Freudenreich, MD

Second Edition - A comprehensive guide to understanding and treating psychotic disorders in clinical practice.

Facing Serious Mental Illness

by Oliver Freudenreich, MD, Corinne Cather, PhD, and Theodore A. Stern, MD

A guide for patients and families dealing with serious mental illness.

Substance Use and the Acute Psychiatric Patient

by Abigail L. Donovan, MD and Suzanne A. Bird, MD

Emergency Management - A comprehensive guide for managing substance use in psychiatric emergencies.

Suicide by Security Blanket

by Laura M. Prager, MD and Abigail Louise Donovan, MD

And Other Stories from the World of Emergency Psychiatry.

Educational Videos

Secondary Psychosis

Oliver Freudenreich, MD discusses secondary psychosis and differential diagnosis considerations.

Oliver Freudenreich Diagnosis

Schizophrenia: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors

Abigail Donovan, MD explains the spectrum of schizophrenia, covering causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches.

Abigail Donovan Education

Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Overview

Educational presentation on treatment-resistant schizophrenia and clozapine therapy approaches.

TRS Clozapine

Clinical Research in Psychosis

Research seminar discussing current clinical research initiatives in psychosis treatment and management.

Research Clinical

Contact TRS ACCESS NETWORK

Get in touch with our specialized team

Send us a message